JAMA study: 988 hotline linked to 11% drop in youth suicide deaths

The introduction of the 988 national suicide and crisis hotline in the U.S. has had a significant impact on reducing suicide deaths among adolescents and young adults. According to a recent study published in JAMA, suicide rates in this age group dropped by 11% compared to projected rates after the launch of the shortened phone number.

Suicide rates have been on the rise in the U.S. for many years, particularly among young people. While there was a slight decrease in overall suicide deaths in 2024 compared to a peak in 2022, the implementation of 988 resulted in even greater improvements. The study found that states with the highest increase in answered calls to the lifeline experienced the largest decline in suicide rates.

Researcher Michael Liu from Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston noted the effectiveness of 988, although the study cannot establish a direct causal relationship. Previous research has shown a correlation between increased call volume to crisis hotlines and a decrease in suicide rates, which further supports the findings of the study.

The analysis focused on data from young people aged 15 to 34, comparing expected quarterly suicide deaths from 2022 onwards to actual death rates from July 2022 to December 2024. The results highlight the importance of 988 in providing support and preventing suicides among young individuals.

Despite the positive impact of 988, there are concerns about its long-term funding and accessibility. The decision to remove the “press three” option that connected callers to specialized services for LGBTQ+ youth was met with criticism. However, efforts are being made to restore this option and ensure that all individuals have access to the support they need.

The funding for 988 relies on a state-level model similar to the 911 emergency system, with telecom fees contributing to the program’s sustainability. While some states have implemented these fees, others are facing challenges in securing funding for the lifeline. The results of the study emphasize the need for public awareness and communication about 988 to encourage more individuals to seek help during times of distress.

Overall, the study findings suggest a positive association between the uptake of 988 at the state level and a decrease in suicide rates among young people. As more research is conducted and awareness of the lifeline grows, there is potential for further impact in preventing suicides and providing vital support to those in need. If you or someone you know is in crisis, do not hesitate to contact the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline for assistance.